Urinary infection

In healthy people urine in the bladder is sterile: it has no bacteria or other pathogens. Urethra (urinary tube, the channel through which urine is derived from the bladder outside the body), does not contain pathogens or contain too little to cause infection. However, each part of the urinary system may be infected. These infections are usually classified as infections of the lower and upper urinary tract - the lower refers to infection of the urethra or bladder and kidney infections in the upper or the urethra (the urethra).

Pathogens that cause infection in the urinary system is entered in two ways. By far the most common route of entry of the lower urinary tract opening - an opening at the top of the penis in men or the urethral opening at the place where a woman opens the vulva. The result is that the infection spreads to the urethra ascendant, or rising, "climbing" is up. Another possible route is through the bloodstream, usually straight into the kidneys.

Urinary tract infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites range.

• Bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract, bladder and urethra (urethritis), are very common.They are more common in male than in female infants, but at the age of one year becomes about 10 times more common in girls. About 5% of adolescent girls at some point gets a urinary tract infection, while the boys at that age it rarely happens. In people aged between 25-50 years, urinary tract infections were about 50 times more common in women than in men. In later life infections become equally frequent in both sexes, with less pronounced differences between them.

More than 85% of urinary tract infections caused by bacteria from their intestine or the vagina of that person. Usually, however, the bacteria enter the urinary system, washed out during the emptying of the bladder.

• Viruses: Infection with herpes simplex virus ti ¬ and 2 (HSV-2) involve the penis in men can be caught in a crotch, thighs, vagina or cervix in women. If the affected urinary tube (urethra), urination may be painful and difficult to empty the bladder.

• Fungal urinary tract infections are usually caused by Candida in men who have introduced a permanent catheter. Other forms of fungi, including those that cause blastomycosis (Blastomyces) or kokcidiomikozu (Coccidioides) can rarely infect the urinary tract. Fungi and bacteria are often simultaneously infect the kidneys.

• A number of parasites, including worms can cause urinary tract infections.

• Malaria, a disease caused by parasitic protozoa that is, and is transmitted by mosquitoes, can clog small blood vessels or kidneys can quickly damage the red blood cells (hemolysis), leading to acute renal failure.

• Trichomoniasis, also caused by a protozoa, is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause extensive greenish-yellow frothy discharge from the vagina. The urinary bladder is rarely affected.Trichomoniasis in men usually causes no symptoms, although it can cause inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis).

• schistosomiasis, worm-like parasite infections, can affect the kidneys, ureters and bladder and is a frequent cause of kidney failure in people who live in Egypt and Brazil. The infection can cause permanent bladder infection that can eventually lead to cancer of the urinary bladder.

• Filarijaza also worm-like organism infections, clog the lymph vessels, causing the appearance of lymph in the urine (hiluriju). Filarijaza can cause enormous swelling of tissues (elefantijazmu), which can involve the scrotum and legs.

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