Inflammation of the kidney (pyelonephritis)

Pyelonephritis or kidney infection, a serious bacterial infection of the kidney may be acute or chronic.

Kidney

One of the most common kidney disease, acute pyelonephritis is a sudden inflammation of the kidneys caused by bacteria. First of all, the area affected by intestinal and renal pelvis or less frequently renal tubules.

Chronic pyelonephritis is permanent kidney inflammation that can leave scars in the kidneys and can lead to chronic renal failure. This kidney disease is most common in patients who are predisposed to have restored to them acute pyelonephritis.

Causes of Kidney inflammation

In by far the majority of cases, inflammation of the kidneys caused by bacteria that comes from outside and travel through the urinary system through the urethra to the bladder, and finally from the bladder to the kidneys. In this case, is known as the growing infection. This may explain why women, whose urethra is shorter and closer to the anal opening, the potential source of bacteria, are four times more represented than men kidney infection.

There is a belief by doctors that, sometimes, in much rarer cases, a bacterial infection causing pyelonephritis may develop in another part of the body and the blood lead to kidney failure.

Urine flow in the opposite direction, ie. back, is known as reflux and can be caused by anatomical defect or obstruction. In the first case, instead of solid lid that separates the bladder and ureter, there is a wide opening. During urination leads to contraction of the bladder and urine rather than in one direction, flowing in both directions, outward - through the urethra and inward through the urethra (urinary channels that connect the kidneys to the bladder). This defect is easily corrected, and those who have it, they are exposed to frequent infections.

Obstructions that cause reflux in women, usually in the form of narrowing or scar tissue caused by infection or inflammation of the urethra. Among young people, this narrowing occurs less frequently and usually result from sexually transmitted infections. In older men, the prostate is often responsible for the obstacles that impede the proper flow of urine.

Reflux can be caused by placing a catheter or instrument, such as cystoscopes sake of diagnosis or treatment. Putting any foreign body in an area where there is an obstruction, carries more risk of infection to be more difficult to treat.

Symptoms of kidney

Whatever the cause, the symptoms of acute bacterial pyelonephritis are usually the same. The first symptoms are usually tremors, chills permeation through the whole body, accompanied by high fever and joint and muscle pain, including pain in her hips. It is possible that the symptoms do not draw attention to the kidneys.

The situation can be especially confusing for children, where high temperatures can suddenly make a mental block or change in mental status, or older, where high temperatures can result in confusion, or infection may be masked by pain.

There may be irritating symptoms (burning pain during urination, the need for urinate or frequent urination).

In acute infections, the symptoms develop rapidly, first noticed fever, which usually follow after the change in color of urine, and tenderness in the flank. As the inflammation of the kidney develops, there is pain, loss of appetite, headache and all the standard signs of infection develop. This kind of pain in the kidney is different from cramps in my stomach as a result of kidney stones, in that they are continuous and occur in waves, stay in one spot and is exacerbated if the person moves.

Patients with chronic pyelonephritis may have acute infection, with sometimes no symptoms, or symptoms may be so mild that they go unnoticed. This carries the risk that the inflammation may progress slowly and unnoticed for many years, until it comes to the degradation caused by kidney failure. Therefore, hypertension (high blood pressure) or anemia, or symptoms that are associated with renal insufficiency may be the first indicators of trouble. Unfortunately, when it does, it may have been irreversible damage.

Diagnosis

Your physiotherapist will take a medical history, conduct a physical exam, and recommend tests of which are likely to be blood and blood cultures, urinalysis, urine culture, and possibly renal ultrasound studies.

Treatment of renal

Antibiotic treatment to be prescribed depends on the particular microorganism that infected the body, which is determined urine culture. When a microorganism can be identified, treatment failure is usually composed of a broad spectrum antibiotic. Symptoms may disappear after several days of treatment with antibiotics. Although the urine becomes sterile within 48 hours to 72 hours of therapy, such therapy is 21 days.

Patients with dangerous infections or factors, complications may require hospitalization, even for a grace period of treatment. Some patients may require surgical operations to remove noise or correct anatomical abnormalities.

Therapy following the surgery, including taking urine culture for several weeks after taking the drugs, to eliminate the possibility of surviving infection.

Patients who are at high risk of return of urinary tract and kidneys, as well as those long used Foly catheter, requiring long-term therapy after surgery.

What to ask the doctor about kidney infection?

What is the cause of inflammation and infection?

Is there an anatomical defect or obstruction, hindrance?

Can this defect be corrected?

Does the use of prescribed antibiotics?

What can be done to minimize further infection?

Whether the surgery is an option?

Is there a risk of eventual termination of the kidney?

Prevention

In some cases, inflammation of the kidneys can be prevented by timely detection and treatment of lower urinary tract infections that, if left untreated, can progress to this, much more dangerous situation.

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