Scale is greater than 5 mm are likely to be retained in the kidney because he can not pass into the urethra. These stones do not have to cause problems if they do not develop too many. Very small stones rarely cause problems because it is easy to carry and expel urine. However, the size scale between these two extremes can cause pain and other problems if (when) the yarn in the urethra and begin to move to the bladder.
Symptoms of kidney stones
If the stones are too large, and therefore can not pass from the kidneys into the urethra, usually has no symptoms, or in most cases occur only mild pain when the stones are cut off and "debris" and went into the urethra. The most common symptom of kidney stone problem is how (stabbing pain that usually occurs in waves, often at intervals of several minutes). What can be the result of complaints or disturbances in various parts of the body, and the patient is usually writhes in pain. Kidney pain of this type (renal colic), which occur when the kidney stone passes from the kidneys into the urethra, give way whenever the stone stops moving or having to expel urine. The pain is almost always occur on one side of the body, though, of course, the next attack might take the other side if you have stones in both kidneys.
Renal colic is usually first felt in the back, just below the ribs on one side or the other side of the spine.Within a few hours or days of pain "accompany" the passage of stones through the urethra to the anterior part of the body and down to the groin. The patient may feel sick, and in the urine may occur traces of blood. As the stones reach the bladder, passing the remainder of the urinary tract is usually painless or nearly painless.
The incidence of kidney stones
In Croatia, most kidney stones are found in Dalmatia, that is rare in the continental part. Also included are data that 10-30% of people have (or had the history of) nephrolithiasis. Since the passage of stones very often causes severe pain, patients with kidney stones are often admitted to hospital.Nevertheless, the incidence of kidney stones in developed countries is falling, partly (perhaps) because of changes in diet and lifestyle, although the exact reasons for this decline are not known, as it is not known why some people are particularly prone to kidney stones.
It is known, however, that the disease is hereditary, and that is prevalent in tropical countries, probably due to high concentration of calcium in the urine. In fact, people in hot climates lose so much body fluid (water) to sweat normally throw less urine. It is interesting that during World War II soldiers who fought in desert areas often suffer from kidney stones, but the soldiers in a temperate climate.
The disease affects more men than women, and persons over 30 years. In rare cases, certain types of kidney stones, caused by chemical disorder in the blood, can develop in children.
The dangers of kidney stones
Although most kidney stones in the kidney remains (not causing any problems) and eventually discharged into the urine, stones can sometimes get stuck in the urethra and block urine flow on one side. In that case required surgery. In addition, kidney stones increased propensity to infections in the urine, and thus to the attacks of acute pyelonephritis. Recurrent infection, and (sometimes) scarring that cause them great stones can cause chronic kidney failure, if the problems with kidney stones long term, although such cases are rare.
What to do?
If you suffer from kidney stones, go to the doctor every six months to check that there was no permanent kidney damage. If you get an attack of renal colic, the doctor will probably refer you to hospital for blood tests and urine tests, intravenous pyelogram (IVP), and (perhaps) cystoscopes. Such diagnostic tests reveal the places where there are stones in the urinary tract (if any), and obtain data on the basis of which the doctor will determine whether the requisite treatment.
Treatment for kidney stones
Self-help: if you get a renal colic attack, you will always act in the best, if you see a doctor. However, it would be advisable for all to drink large amounts of water (at least five liters per day) this will varnish is "chase" a series of urinary tract stones. For pain relief take a mild analgesic, eg. aspirin or paracet.
Professional help: there is no satisfactory medical procedure to solve these problems, kidney stones if you yourself do not leave the body. However, if you are particularly prone to developing kidney stones, your doctor may prescribe a drug that in some cases can prevent stone formation. If the stone gets clogged the lower part of the urethra, it can sometimes be removed by cystoscopy (under general anesthesia). At the same physician (through Cystoscope) introduces a thin forceps into the bladder and the urethra where the stone is stuck, and clamp grabs and removes plaque.
If this procedure is not performed, you may need more surgery because you will have to stay in the hospital about 10 days. If the stones or their related infections significantly and irreversibly damaging one of the kidneys (which is rarely the case), you will need to remove the entire kidney. In such cases, the remaining healthy kidney will be able to compensate for lack of second. However, in most cases kidney stones are just a painful embarrassment.
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