What is dangerous for your kidneys?

The man does not know how lucky he is when healthy. In working with patients with renal failure, dialysis, which sustains life, I realized just how important the kidneys and how little we are trying to ease their hard work. On the contrary, most of us every day doing things that threaten the health of our fellow kidney.

The kidneys are organs that steam have many functions in the body. The kidneys filter the blood and removes harmful substances from our body maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, regulate blood pressure and produce substances that maintain normal blood composition (erythropoietin). The basic unit of the kidney is called the nephron. Kidney nephrons filter every 45 minutes the whole blood from the body and produce about 2 liters of urine in 24 hours.

Kidney, liver, together with the most powerful natural mechanism to detoxify our body and disrupt their daily health. Every few exceptions!

The following is the story of substances in large quantities and daily consumption harm our body.

1 Increased intake of salt
In moderate amounts of salt is necessary for our bodies, but larger amounts cause us harm. When you eat salt and salty foods make a great load for the kidneys, besides increasing blood pressure. The high pressure damages the body and all organs, primarily the kidneys, heart. brain and eyes. One teaspoon of salt a day is quite enough. People who are diagnosed with a kidney disease and high blood pressure should reduce salt in your diet.  Reduce consumation of salt meat products (pâté, salami, ham, sausage, dried meat) and salty cheeses. Soup from the bag are also unhealthy.

2 Painkillers can be dangerous
There are certain groups of drugs that are highly neprotoxic. Some of these drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics can rapidly and in a short time, damage your kidneys. Also Tylenol, which is widely used in daily life, headache, fever, pain in the bones, to soothe menstrual pain also damage the kidneys. a kidney disease called analgesic nephropathy. I tell you this name speaks for itself.Kidney damage can make some medicines for high blood pressure.

3 Sugar is also not harmless

Excessive sugar intake can cause multiple problems such as obesity and diabetes. Do not forget the fact that the highest percentage of patients to hemodialysis because of diabetes.

4 Cigarette smoking

Ingredients other than tobacco smoke damages the lungs and heart, damage blood vessels and kidneys.The kidneys are mostly built of blood vessels, and smoking increases the risk of just blood vessels thrombosis.  Particularly dangerous cigarette smoking among people with diabetes.

I tried briefly to show you how important it is to think of the daily health of your kidneys. Kidneys have a large reserve capacity. The biggest problem with kidney disease is that it is difficult to detect in the advanced stages.
One common urine test can tell you a lot. Never frivolous understand the presence of proteins (protein) in the urine. If you have high blood pressure, be sure to check kidney function. If you have anemia in blood Always check kidney function! 

Do you know how dangerous are urinary tract infections?

How many of you have interfere with urination? Do you know how much trouble can I make frequent urinary tract infections, especially in women? Long-term, untreated bladder infection can sample an acute or chronic inflammation of the kidney and pyelonephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis can ultimately lead to kidney failure.

Kidney

Pyelonephritis is the most common term for inflammation of the kidneys. This is a very serious kidney disease, which can be acute (sudden) and chronic. Acute pyelonephritis is a very common disease and is usually caused by bacteria. It often occurs spreading bacterial flora of the colon or due to infection of the female sex organs. Infection usually the channel system of the kidney or renal calices. Glomeruli are rarely affected. Chronic pyelonephritis is due to chronic or recurrent infections urunarnih, leads to fibrosis (scarring) in the kidney, the activation of the inflammatory response. It can leave a very serious consequences and lead to a gradual and permanent deterioration of renal tissue and their functions. Often affects people who are predisposed to repeated infections of the bladder due to anatomical malformations of the urinary system, and in patients with reduced immunity. A particular problem is the mechanism of abnormal urination, such as vesicouretheral reflux.


Causes of kidney infections

The majority of pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria that come from the urethra and bladder. This phenomenon is called the ascendant (rising or rising) kidney infection. It is very common among women which have a shorter urethra, making the bacteria more easily and quickly spread to the kidney. Women  have about 4 times more urinary tract infections.
Restoring the urine in the opposite direction, ie. back, is called reflux and can be caused by anatomical abnormalities or obstructions. In the first case, instead of a hard cap between the bladder and urethra, there is a wide opening. During voiding the bladder contracts and urine instead of forward flow in both directions. Vesicoureteral reflux is detected by special examination techniques and very difficult to treat this disorder.

Obstructions that cause reflux in women, usually in the form of narrowing of the urethra due to frequent infections.
In younger people such strictures occur rarely and usually are the result of sexually transmitted infections, especially hlamidijskog urethritis. In older people, the problems usually produces enlargement of the prostate. Reflux can be caused by the insertion of catheters or instruments, especially when performing cystoscopy.


Separate Preble with urinary infections have impaired the act of urination (paraplegia) and chronic patients with permanent disbursed cateter. Kidney and urinary tract infections are also common in pregnant women because of the pressure of the uterus, which changes the motility of the ureter due to the effects of pregnancy hormones (progesterone).

Symptoms of kidney infections

Symptoms of pyelonephritis are usually in the form of a sharp burning sensation when urinating, difficult, painful, frequent urination, with the appearance of fever, chills and pain in the area of ​​the cross (lumbar region). You appear malaise, muscle pain, joint pain and sometimes vomiting.Sometimes the symptoms are classic and there is no interference with urination, and sometimes suspected disease in the abdomen in the form of appendicitis and the like.

In children, the disease may have atypical clinical picture, where the high temperatures occurring altered mental status, impaired consciousness, including febrile convulsions. In acute infections, the symptoms develop quickly, first observed high temperature, after which usualy discoloration of urine, and pain and brittle. As infection progresses, there are also symptoms of general intoxication, loss of appetite, headache, and all signs of general intoxication of the organism. Sometimes a urinary tract infection can turn into severe sepsis, which is called sepsis.

Patients with chronic pyelonephritis may have an acute exacerbation, sometimes there are no symptoms, or symptoms may be very mild and go unnoticed. This seemingly harmless situation can be very dangerous, because the inflammation goes unnoticed and permanently damage kidney function.The first indication of deterioration of renal function may be anemia and high blood pressure.

The diagnosis of kidney inflammation
The diagnosis of pyelonephritis is made based on symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests of blood and urine, urine culture, abdominal ultrasound, and if there is suspicion of reflux then do additional x-rays.

Treatment of kidney inflammation

When you isolate the cause of antibiotic therapy is indicated. When the cause is not identified using the broad-spectrum antibiotics. The urine usually becomes sterile within 48-72 hours after initiation of therapy, treatment should be carried out to the end. Commonly used prolonged antibiotic therapy (21 days), and again repeated urine.

In severe forms of pyelonephritis, which are accompanied by acute worsening of renal function and sepsis, required hospital treatment. Patients with reflux is the most common surgical treatment is indicated.

Patients who are at high risk of re-infection of the urinary tract and kidneys, as well as those with prolonged use of Foley catheter, requiring long-term therapy.

What should you ask a doctor d on kidney infections?

What is the cause of infection and inflammation?
Is there an anatomical defect, obstruction or hindrance?
Can the defect be corrected?
Is it necessary to use antibiotics?
What can be done to reduce the progression of the infection?
Is surgery is one of the treatment options?
Is there a risk of eventual kidney failure?

Remember that prevention is the best medicine.
In most cases, inflammation of the kidneys can be prevented by timely detection and proper treatment of long-term lower urinary tract infections.
Urinary tract infections, especially recurrent, not a harmless condition and carry a high risk of kidney damage.
Never forget that in spite of highly effective antibiotic that has a current medicine, uvea tea does the most good your urinary tract. 

Blood in the urine

Blood in the urine can be a symptom of serious illness. Blood in the urine tah you can see with the naked eye is called makrohematuria, while the presence of blood visible under the microscope is microhematuria.
Blood in urine that can be seen with the eye  is usually preceded by the presence of stones in the urinary system, it may be a sign of infection, especially when accompanied by painful urination and fever. Blood in the urine can be a sign of renal tuberculosis. Dark, coagulated blood in the urine, the presence of fresh blood may be a sign of cancer urinary tract (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra). Blood in the urine with stormy symptoms, such as pain, fever, shivering usually speak in favor of inflammation, and blood in the urine often without pain is a sign of malignancy.

Blood in the urine is a serious symptom that does not go by itself. If you notice blood in your urine then call your doctor.  Blood in the urine is a serious alarm with patients of all ages!
Our body has the perfect warning mechanisms, allowing us at the right time warns that we must go to the doctor.

When determining the cause of blood in the urine have to be very careful. It is important to analyze the accompanying symptoms.

Sudden appearance of blood in the urine accompanied by burning and frequent urination, usually a sign of  urinary bladder inflammation (cystitis), or inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis). Bladder infections are more common in women, due to the fact that their urethra is shorter than the male. With  tea and optimal antibiotic most symptoms will disappear. Selection of antibiotics is needed to make the microbiological examination of urine (urine). 

The blood at the beginning of the jet of urine usually ukazue the problem comes from the urethra.Blood stream at the end usually indicates a process in the neck of the bladder. 
If blood is visible during the entire bladder, then the process is usually in the wall of the bladder or kidney. IF blood in the urine is not accompanied by other symptoms, THEN there is a high suspicion that the tumor of the change is the cause bleeding.
MUST go urologist.

Prolonged presence of small amounts of red blood cells in the urine routine examination of urine can be a symptom of many diseases: glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, stones, tumors, metabolic diseases), but also can be an innocuous occurrence of a condition called benign hematuria family (benign familial hematuria).
Changes in the color of urine can cause some ingredients from the food (beet) and certain medications.
Routine urine (biochemical urine), urine culture, serum creatinine and renal ultrasound are routine tests that need to be made. Based on these findings, the doctor will make an assessment of whether there is a need to do intravenous urography, cystoscopy, CT and renal biopsy.
Fear is normal for a person in their urine before the blood. Try to beat the fear, and do not always think about the worst outcome! 

Why kidneys stop working?

Kidneys taken from the blood excess water and unnecessary materials and turn them into urine. Urine (urine) is then released from the body. Most people have two kidneys. A person can live and be healthy with one kidney.
Renal function:
release excess water and unnecessary matter,
processed liquid and chemical substances to the human body,
control blood pressure,
controlling the body's hormones that create new red blood cells.

Kidney failure is also called renal failure. If the kidneys cease to perform its function, excess body fluids and unnecessary substances can not get rid of the body. This may occur because of illness or damages incurred due to injury. There are two types of kidney failure: acute and chronic.
Acute kidney failure
Acute kidney failure is the sudden loss of kidney function that takes a few hours or days. The causes may be:
severe inflammation (infection)
severe burns,
injury or decrease blood flow to the kidneys,
low blood pressure,
blockage of the urinary tract,
heart failure,
chemical poisoning or drug intoxication.
Often the condition of the kidneys can be improved if the cause of the problem is detected and treated promptly.
Chronic Kidney Failure
To chronic kidney failure occurs when the kidneys gradually lose their function. It is a lifelong disease that can not be improved.
The causes may be:
diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease,
kidney stones
problems or blockage in the urinary tract,
lupus - an autoimmune disease,
scleroderma - a disease of the skin and connective tissue,
chronic inflammation (infection)
drug use,
poisons.
The signs of chronic kidney failure include:
swelling of the hands, face or feet
changes in the frequency of urination,
feeling very tired or exhaustion,
headache, confusion,
nausea or vomiting;
loss of appetite,
shortness of breath,
itching of the skin.
Chronic kidney failure can not be cured but can be treated with diet changes and medication. When the kidneys lose most of their functions, called end stage renal failure, a few days a week dialysis is needed.A kidney transplant may also be an option for the treatment of this disease. 

Acute renal failure

Acute renal failure is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid, severe reduction of renal filtration, usually with a reduced excretion of urine.

Definition
Acute renal failure is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid, severe reduction of renal filtration, usually with a reduced excretion of urine. It occurs due to ischemic or toxic lesions that operates in renal blood vessels, glomeruli and / or tubules causing a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and increase intratubularnog pressure.

Invasion of extracellular fluid causes the formation of islands, high blood pressure and chronic heart failure. Often the increase of potassium, sodium, and acidity of the cell can be fluid . Etiology of kidney problem can be prerenal, renal and postrenal  and potentially reversible if the disorder is diagnosed in time and treated.

The clinical picture
Symptoms related to loss of function and secretion depend on the level of renal dysfunction, the degree of renal damage, and the cause. In outpatients only clinical indication may be oliguria or anuria after use of contrast. In hospitalized patients, acute renal failure is usually associated with recent trauma, surgical, medical events, therefore, depend on it, and the signs and symptoms. Normal daily urine output was 1 to 2.4 liters per day. This could result in oliguria; anuria leads to mutual suspicion of renal artery occlusion, obstructive uropathy, acute cortical necrosis or rapid progressive

Forecast
Acute renal failure with immediate complications (eg hypervolaemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, uremia, hemorrhagic diathesis) may be treated, but the percentage of survival remains about 60% despite aggressive nutrition  and dialysis therapy. Further improvement seems impossible because normally associated sepsis, pulmonary failure, coagulopathy, surgical complications.

Diagnostic evaluation
The diagnosis of acute renal failure is determined by a progressive increase in serum creatinine daily.Currently back prerenal and postrenal causes must first be excluded. Correction of the disturbances that reduce renal confirms prerenal causes. For postrenal causes, the possibility of recovery of renal function is often irreversible depending on the duration of obstruction. Early urinary and serum chemical analysis in the case of acute renal failure may facilitate the determination of the cause.Typical laboratory findings are progressive azotemia, acidosis, hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia.

Treatment
Acute renal failure can be prevented by proper maintenance of fluid balance in the body, blood volume and blood pressure during and after major surgery; appropriate isotonic fluid infusion in patients with severe burns, and the current blood transfusion in blood pressure due to bleeding. If you need a vasoconstrictive drug, dopamine 1 to 3 micrograms / kg / min intravenously may improve renal blood flow and urine output, but no clinical indicator to stop and acute. In the early stage of acute renal failure, furosemide with mannitol or dopamine can restore the normal flow of urine or reverse oliguric to nonoliguric acute renal failure, but there is little evidence that mortality thereby reduced. Dialysis improves the balance of fluids and electrolytes and provides an adequate supply. No single rule when to start dialysis, to what frequency is conducted, or whether improved recovery or survival. Acute renal failure without dialysis should be treated only if it is not possible or the development of renal uncomplicated and present less than 5 days. In postliguric stage, it is necessary to pay special attention to fluid and electrolyte balance in order to prevent potentially lethal disorder of the extracellular fluid volume, plasma osmolality, acid-base status and potassium levels. 

Diabetes and kidney

The course of renal disease

Diabetic kidney disease develops over the years. Extensive studies in animals and humans have shown that the progression of various chronic kidney diseases, including nephropathy diabetic mainly due to secondary hemodynamic and metabolic disorders, not the activity of the underlying disease.
In some patients in the early years of diabetes, kidney filtration capacity is higher than in healthy individuals.
After several years of diabetes may occur in a small amount of urine albumin. This is the first stage of chronic kidney disease, which is characterized by microalbuminuria. At this stage it is preserved kidney filtration ability.

As the disease progresses, more albumin in the urine is due. This stage is called macroalbuminuria or proteinuria. How to increase the amount of albumin in the urine, thereby reducing renal filtration ability. With decreasing filtration ability more and more waste products of protein metabolism in the body reserves. With the development of renal impairment, there was an increase in blood pressure.
Impairment of renal function rarely occurs in the first 10 years of diabetes and usually take 15-25 years to the appearance of renal impairment. The risk of developing renal disease was lower in patients with diabetes live longer than 25 years without signs of renal impairment.

Diagnosis of CKD
In people with diabetes should be conducted regularly screened for kidney disease. Two key indicators of kidney disease are pGFR and albumin in the urine.
• pGFR. pGFR the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Each kidney contains about the billion tiny filters that are composed of blood vessels. These filters are called glomeruli. Renal function can be examined by the assessment of the amount of blood filtered by the glomeruli in one minute.Calculating pGFR based on the determination of creatinine in a blood sample. The higher the value of creatinine in the blood, the lower the value pGFR.
Renal disease is present when pGFR less than 60 milliliters per minute.
According to a physician diabetologist and nephrologist in patients with diabetes mellitus pGFR be determined from the serum creatinine at least once a year.
• albumin in the urine. Albumin in the urine is determined by comparing the amounts of albumin to the amount of creatinine in a single urine sample. When it comes to healthy kidneys urine will contain large amounts of creatinine, albumin and almost nothing. Even a minimal increase in the proportion of albumin in relation to creatinine is a sign of kidney damage.
Renal disease is present when the urine contains more than 30 milligrams of albumin per gram of creatinine, with or without reducing pGFR.
According to the recommendations of diabetologists and nephrologists at least once a year to determine the excretion of albumin in the urine of patients with type 2 diabetes and in patients with type 1 diabetes also need to do every 5 years to evaluate kidney damage.
The effects of high blood pressure
Elevated blood pressure or hypertension is a key factor in the development of kidney damage in people with diabetes. A family history of hypertension and the presence of hypertension in patients increases the risk of developing kidney disease. Hypertension also accelerates the progress of kidney disease when it is already present.
Arterial pressure is expressed using two numerical values. The first figure is the systolic pressure and represents the pressure in the arteries during cardiac contraction. The second value is the value of diastolic pressure and represents the pressure between the two cardiac contraction. It is common to hypertension defined as permanently elevated blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg.
According to the latest recommendations of the ideal blood pressure for people with diabetes is less than or equal to 130/80 mmHg.
Hypertension is not always the cause of kidney disease, it may be the result of kidney damage caused due to diabetes. With progression of renal disease in the kidney, changes occur that cause an increase in blood pressure. Early detection and treatment of even mild hypertension is of crucial importance for people with diabetes.

Prevention and slowing renal disease
Medications to reduce the pressure
Thanks to the work of scientists has made a significant progress in the development of methods by which it is possible to postpone the onset and slow the progression of kidney disease in people with diabetes. Medicines used to reduce blood pressure can significantly slow the progression of kidney disease. Demonstrated the effectiveness of two classes of drugs in slowing progression of renal disease.These are the angiotensin-converting (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB's). In many patients, a combination of two or more drugs to achieve adequate pressurization. With ACE-I and ARB-e can be used and diuretics, and drugs such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and other antihypertensives.
An example of an effective ACE and Lisinopril is often used in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.With the effect of reducing blood pressure lisinopril has a direct protective effect on renal glomeruli. It has been shown that ACE and reduce proteinuria and slow down kidney damage in diabetic patients who did not have hypertension.

An example of an effective ARB is losartan, that has been shown to act protectively on renal function and reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Any drug that helps to achieve target blood pressure levels or less jednako130/80 mmHg has a positive effect. Each patient even with mild hypertension or microalbuminuria should consult a doctor about the introduction of antihypertensive drugs in therapy.
A child deficient in protein
Excessive intake of protein may be harmful for diabetics. As recommended by dietitians with advanced diabetic kidney disease should not take sufficient amounts of protein, but definitely avoid foods with high protein content. In patients with significantly impaired renal function, a diet with reduced protein content can help delay the occurrence of renal failure. Adherence restricted diet protein requires consultation with the dietitian to ensure adequate nutrition.
Intensive control of blood sugar levels
Antihypertensive medications and a diet with low protein content may slow the development of CKD.The third measure that has shown promise for diabetics, especially those who present with early-stage CKD, intensive control of blood sugar levels.
The human body converts food into glucose, a simple sugar that is the main energy source for the body's cells. To enter the station to help glucose insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. When the body does not produce enough insulin, or absent response to the insulin that is present, the body can not use glucose, and it builds up in the bloodstream. The diagnosis of diabetes is made based on high levels of glucose in the blood. Intensive control of blood glucose levels is aiming to maintain normal blood glucose levels. Regime often includes controlling blood glucose, insulin delivery during the day depending on food intake and physical activity, adherence to the child, appropriate level of physical activity and regular consultation of the medical team. Some patients using insulin pump of insulin throughout the day.
Numerous studies have pointed to the positive effects of intensive control of blood glucose levels. In one study noted the delay in emergence and slow progression of early diabetic kidney disease in 50% of patients who adhered to the intensive regime for the control of blood glucose levels. Patients who adhered to an intensive regime had average blood glucose 8.3 mmol / l, which is about 4.4 mmol / l lower than the levels recorded in patients treated with the standard method. Good glycemic control reduces the risk of early-stage renal disease by a third. Numerous RESEARCH conducted over the last few decades have made it clear that any program that the end result of a decrease in the blood glucose level has a positive effect in patients with early-stage CKD.

Dialysis and transplantation
When the diabetic patients develop end-stage renal failure in the account comes dialysis or a kidney transplant. Back in the 1970s, diabetics often are not offered this method of treatment because it was believed that the damage caused by the diabetes undo the positive effects of treatment. Today, thanks to better control of diabetes and poboljšnom survival, doctors are reluctant to offer diabetic dialysis and kidney transplantation as a treatment method.
There kidney transplant survival for people with diabetes about the same survival rate for kidney transplants to people without the disease. Dialysis is also a good method of treatment for diabetics, but in the short term. Diabetics with kidney transplant or who are treated with dialysis have higher rates of morbidity and mortality due to complications associated with diabetes such as damage to the heart, eyes and nerves.
Good care makes a difference

People with diabetes should:
• determine the level of A1C at least twice a year. The test shows the average blood glucose levels over the previous three months. The target value is less than 7%;

• Work with your doctor about the inzulna injections, medications, meal planning, physical activity, and monitoring blood glucose levels;

• Check blood pressure several times a year or even a month if blood pressure are not well regulated. If the high pressure values ​​should follow the instructions of your doctor to achieve normal values. The target pressure value is less than or equal to 130/80 mmHg;

• Consult with your doctor about the possible benefits of ACE-I and ARBs;

• determine pGFR at least once a year to assess renal function;

• determine the level of protein in the urine at least once a year to assess kidney damage, consult with your doctor or dietitian about the need to reduce the intake of protein food.

Remember
Diabetes is the leading cause of CKD and kidney failure.
Diabetics should regularly perform screening for kidney disease. The two key markers for kidney disease are pGFR and albuminuria.
Medicines used to reduce the pressure can significantly slow the progression of kidney disease. Two groups of drugs, ACE-I and ARBs, and proved to be effective in slowing progression of renal disease.
Excessive intake of protein may be harmful for diabetics.
Intensive control of blood glucose levels is very important for diabetics, especially those with already developed at early stages of CKD.

Conclusion
Number of people with diabetes is increasing. Consequently, an increasing number of people with diabetic kidney disease. According to the predictions of some experts diabetes could soon become the cause of 50% of chronic liver damage. In light of the more common illnesses and deaths associated with diabetes and renal disease, patients, researchers, and health professionals must continue to work towards improving the final outcome of these patients. 

Dynamic renal scintigraphy

What is dynamic scintigraphy?

Dynamic renal scintigraphy is a diagnostic procedure for the pictorial representation of the morphology and function of the kidney using radiopharmaceuticals that are excreted by the kidneys.
Radiopharmaceutical: Tc-99m DTPA, T1 / 2 6 hours.
The goal of search is to evaluate the morphology and function of the kidney-elimination ability of the canal system. It is used in unilateral or bilateral drainage faults or enlargement of renal duct system in terms hidrokalkuloze, stenosis Ureteropelvic neck or urethra, or hidronefoze hidrouretera.

Preparation of the patient prior to the examination

Before the tests should drink about 1 liter of liquid
The patient need not be fasting
Warn your doctor or medical engineers the possibility of pregnancy, or breast-feeding
It is recommended that jewelry and metal ornaments left at home or removed prior to recording
After scanning the patient should drink more fluids and urinate more often
Dynamic renal scintigraphy in renovascular hypertension

A week before the test omitted from an ACE inhibitor and A2 receptors (except for the express contraindications), consult a competent liječnkom which are drugs
Two days earlier and omit beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and anti-rheumatic drugs
What to bring to your search?

It is necessary to make a referral to the previous one, on the basis of which the search is indicated (diagnostic and specialists who are starting. Recommends search).

Search procedure

Radiopharmaceutical: Tc-99m DTPA, T 6 ½ hours.
The patient is injected into the cubital vein radiopharmaceutical, while lying on her back on the bed and immediately after the start of injection, dynamic studies lasting 20-30 minutes.
It takes the rest of the time in bed. The camera is below the patient.
Sometimes it is necessary to make one additional recording after giving diuretics also injected intravenously (diuretic dynamic renal scintigraphy).

Treatment of dynamic renal scintigraphy with captopril

Before you search the patient receives pill captopril (25 mg)
After that should be enough to drink and urinate
After 1h receive intravenous radiopharmaceutical (Tc-99m DTPA) while lying on her back on the bed and under the gamma camera
Immediately after the injection begins recording for 20 minutes and during that time should stand still
If the search finds this normal finding, then the search ends. If the result of abnormal, then the patient has to come to another record (basal study - without captopril). The aim of the search is the detection and monitoring of renovascular hypertension.

What can be expected after the shooting?

After the search has no impediments to normal activities.
It is recommended that 24 hours after the examination to avoid close contact with others, especially children and pregnant women.